Decentralized Protocol for Organizing Sustainable Interaction between Subscribers in Networks with High Dynamics of Topology Changes
Keywords:
MANET, ad-hoc routing protocol, routing metrics, gradient boosting, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, quality of serviceAbstract
Emergency services often have to carry out rescue and liquidation operations in the absence of centralized communications. The inability to ensure stable communication between members of the rescue unit significantly reduces the quality of work. Moreover, in modern realities, stable communication means not only voice exchange, which can be provided by shortwave radio transmitters, but also intensive exchange of large volumes of traffic. The use of standard solutions based on standard network equipment (Wi-Fi, satellite communications, etc.) and existing algorithms for ensuring quality of service in the conditions under consideration does not allow quickly ensuring information exchange between heterogeneous subscribers. Moreover, operation in high-Hz bands can be very difficult in the presence of obstacles, which reduces the overall coverage area and the quality of data transmission. We propose a network layer routing protocol designed to organize decentralized communication in an emergency service department, where subscribers have different degrees of mobility and types of transmitted traffic. This protocol includes algorithms for connecting to the network, detecting optimal and alternative communication routes, and transmitting and balancing traffic along the found routes. The original route search algorithm analyzes the performance of communication channels and determines all possible paths for transmitting traffic between subscribers. Using the route evaluation function based on gradient boosting of decision trees, optimal and alternative communication routes are formed, and when transmitting data, traffic balancing is performed based on the received information. An experimental study of the proposed protocol showed an improvement in the speed of deployment and quality of service in scenarios with varying degrees of subscriber mobility.
References
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12. Chai Y., Shi W. Access-enhanced hybrid routing protocol for hybrid wireless mesh network. IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). Guangzhou. China. 2017. pp. 138–141. DOI: 10.1109/ICCSN.2017.8230094.
13. Ramaiah P., Narmadha R., Gurumoorthy S., Kokulavani K., Gowri V. Exploring Vanet Routing Using A Novel Geographic Routing Protocol. Proceeding of International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE). 2023. pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICDCECE57866.2023.10150904.
14. El-Hadidi M.G., Azer M.A. Traffic Analysis for Real Time Applications and its Effect on QoS in MANETs. Proceeding of International Mobile, Intelligent, and Ubiquitous Computing Conference (MIUCC). 2021. pp. 155–160. DOI: 10.1109/MIUCC52538.2021.9447611.
15. Kiki M.J.M., Iddi I., Yunusa H. Improved AOMDV Routing Protocol in Manet UAV Based on Virtual Hop. Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Computer Communication and the Internet (ICCCI). 2021. pp. 146–151. DOI: 10.1109/ICCCI51764.2021.9486832.
16. Yuan Y.H., Chen H.M., Jia M. An Optimized Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV) Routing Protocol. Proceeding of Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications. 2005. pp. 569–573. DOI: 10.1109/APCC.2005.1554125.
17. Lee R.H., Jeon D.A. Mobile Ad-hoc Network multi-path routing protocol based on biological attractor selection for disaster recovery communication. ICT Express. 2015. vol. 1. no. 2. pp. 86–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2015.10.001.
18. Tabatabaei S., Nahook H.N. A new routing protocol in MANET using cuckoo optimization algorithm. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI). 2020. vol. 9. no. 1. pp. 75–82. DOI: 10.22061/JECEI.2020.7511.397.
19. Subramaniam K., Tamilselvan L. Predictive energy efficient and reliable multicast routing in MANET. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 2015. vol. 9. pp. 706–714. DOI: 10.19026/rjaset.9.2615.
20. Papanna N., Reddy A.R.M., Seetha M. EELAM: Energy efficient lifetime aware multicast route selection for mobile ad hoc networks. Applied Computing and Informatics. 2019. vol. 15. pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.aci.2017.12.003.
21. Kacem I., Sait B., Mekhilef S., Sabeur N. A New Routing Approach for Mobile Ad Hoc Systems Based on Fuzzy Petri Nets and Ant System. IEEE Access. 2018. vol. 6. pp. 65705–65720. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2878145.
22. Bhattacharya A., Sinha K. An efficient protocol for load-balanced multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks. 2017. vol. 63. pp. 104–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.05.008.
23. Chen J., Li Z., Liu J., Kuo Y. QoS multipath routing protocol based on cross layer design for ad hoc networks. Proceeding International Conference on Internet Computing and Information Services. 2011. pp. 261–264. DOI: 10.1109/ICICIS.2011.168.
24. Pandey P., Singh R. Efficient Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol Based on Route Stability in MANETs. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks. 2022. vol. 29. no. 3. pp. 393–404. DOI: 10.1007/s10776-022-00570-x.
25. Xiaoxia Q, Wang X., Jiang F. Multi-path Routing Improved Protocol in AODV Based on Nodes Energy. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking. 2015. vol. 8. no. 1. pp. 207–214. DOI: 10.14257/ijfgcn.2015.8.1.21.
26. Alghamdi S.A. Load balancing maximal minimal nodal residual energy ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (LBMMRE-AOMDV). Wireless Netw. 2016. vol. 22. pp. 1355–1363. DOI: 10.1007/s11276-015-1029-6.
27. Er-rouidi M., Moudni H., Mouncif H., Merbouha A. A balanced energy consumption in mobile ad hoc network. Procedia Computer Science. 2019. vol. 151. pp. 1182–1187. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.04.169.
28. Anand M., Sasikala T. Efficient energy optimization in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) using better-quality AODV protocol. Cluster Computing. 2019. vol. 22. pp. 12681–12687. DOI: 10.1007/s10586-018-1721-2.
29. Periyasamy P., Karthikeyan E. Link reliable multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Proceeding of International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2015]. 2015. pp. 1–7. DOI: 10.1109/ICCPCT.2015.7159291.
30. Benatia S.E., Smail O., Boudjelal M., Cousin B. ESMRsc: Energy Aware and Stable Multipath Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks in Smart City. Proceeding of Renewable Energy for Smart and Sustainable Cities. 2019. pp. 31–42.
31. Rump F., Jopen S.A., Frank M. Using Probabilistic Multipath Routing to Improve Route Stability in MANETs. Proceeding IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 2016. pp. 192–195. DOI: 10.1109/LCN.2016.40.
32. Gomes R.D., Queiroz D.V., Lima A.C., Fonseca I.E., Alencar M.S. Real-time link quality estimation for industrial wireless sensor networks using dedicated nodes. Ad Hoc Networks. 2017. vol. 59. pp. 116–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.02.007.
33. Alghamdi S.A. Load balancing ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (LBAOMDV) routing protocol // EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2015. no. 242. DOI: 10.1186/s13638-015-0453-8.
34. Pourbemany J., Mirjalily G., Abouei J., Fahim Raouf A.H. Load Balanced Ad-Hoc On-Demand Routing Based on Weighted Mean Queue Length Metric. Proceeding of Electrical Engineering (ICEE). 2018. pp. 470–475. DOI: 10.1109/ICEE.2018.8472705.
35. Novikov A.S., Ivutin A., Voloshko A., Pestin M.S. Method for Optimizing Ad-hoc Networks Communication Protocol Parameter Values. Proceeding of 9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). 2020. pp. 1–4. DOI: 10.1109/MECO49872.2020.9134154.
36. Postnikov V.M., Spiridonov S.B. [Selecting methods of the weighting factors of local criteria]. Nauka i Obrazovanie – Science and Education. 2015. no. 06. pp. 267–287. DOI: 10.7463/0615.0780334. (In Russ.).
37. Piryonesi S.M., El-Diraby T. Data Analytics in Asset Management: Cost-Effective Prediction of the Pavement Condition Index. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2020. vol. 26. no. 1. 25 p. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000512.
38. Pestin M.S., Novikov A.S. Protocol for Multipath Routing of Traffic in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Based on the Status of Channels and Network Nodes. International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon), Sochi, Russian Federation. 2022. pp. 553–558. DOI: 10.1109/RusAutoCon54946.2022.9896315.
39. Jhaveri S., Khedkar I., Kantharia Y., Jaswal S. Success Prediction using Random Forest, CatBoost, XGBoost and AdaBoost for Kickstarter Campaigns. Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). 2019. pp. 1170–1173. DOI: 10.1109/ICCMC.2019.8819828.
40. Pestin M., Novikov A. [Simulation model of wireless ad-hoc network to study algorithms of traffic routing]. Prikladnaya informatika – Journal of Applied Informatics. 2022. vol. 17. no. 4. pp. 75–86. DOI: 10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-4-75-86. (In Russ.).
41. Pullin A., Pattinson C., Kor A.L. Building Realistic Mobility Models for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Informatics. 2018. vol. 5. no. 2. p. 22. DOI: 10.3390/informatics5020022.
42. Pestin M.S., Novikov A.S. Programma dlia issledovaniia kharakteristik protokolov marshrutizatsii v besprovodnykh detsentralizovannykh setiakh sviazi [Software for studying the characteristics of routing protocols in wireless decentralized communication networks]. Certificate of registration of a computer program, no. 2022612832. 2022. (In Russ.).
43. Pestin M.S., Novikov A.S. Programmnoe obespechenie dlia modelirovaniia vzaimnogo prostranstvennogo peremeshcheniia otdel'nykh uzlov v besprovodnykh detsentralizovannykh setiakh sviazi [Software for modeling the mutual spatial movement of individual nodes in wireless decentralized communication networks]. Certificate of registration of a computer program, no. 2022663501. 2022. (In Russ.).
44. Pestin M. S., Novikov A. S. Programmnoe obespechenie dlia marshrutizatsii-trafika v besprovodnykh detsentralizovannykh setiakh sviazi [Software for Traffic Routing in Wireless Decentralized Communication Networks]. Certificate of registration of a computer program, no. 2022663502. 2022. (In Russ.).
Published
2024-05-28
How to Cite
Ivutin, A., Novikov, A., Pestin, M., & Voloshko, A. (2024). Decentralized Protocol for Organizing Sustainable Interaction between Subscribers in Networks with High Dynamics of Topology Changes. Informatics and Automation, 23(3), 727-765. https://doi.org/10.15622/ia.23.3.4
Section
Digital Information Telecommunication Technologies
Copyright (c) Алексей Николаевич Ивутин, Александр Сергеевич Новиков, Максим Сергеевич Пестин, Анна Геннадьевна Волошко
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