Information Value Measure for Optimization of Flexible Diagnosis Programs of Technical Objects
Abstract
Existing methods of calculating of the value of diagnostic information circulating in the automated systems of monitoring of technical condition of objects do not take into account "losses" ("gains") resulting from making “wrong” decisions when identifying this state. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm that allows to solve the problem of recognizing the technical state of the object being analyzed by means of dynamic programming, the value of the diagnostic information as an optimized indicator being used. The solution to the optimization problem of a diagnostic procedure is based on the use of a measure of the information value proposed by R. L. Stratonovich. It is modified according to the subject area of the technical diagnostics and in the case when the diagnostic features presented in the form of intervals on the real numerical axis are used. The maximum value of the diagnostic information is achieved by minimizing the average "losses" (maximizing the average "gains") obtained when performing tests of diagnostic signs in the process of recognizing the technical condition of an object. To solve the problem, a recurrent expression possessing a scientific novelty has been proposed. It allows to calculate the value of the information obtained when performing tests of diagnostic signs in each of the analyzed information states of the diagnostic process. In the process of the diagnostics program implementation when recognizing the technical condition of the object both “losses” and “winnings” are possible. The difference between their a priori and a posteriori means values characterizes the value of the diagnostic information numerically. The magnitude of the information value indication depends on the probabilities of the results of the diagnostic signs checks and is proportional to the difference between the a posteriori and a priori probabilities of achieving the diagnostic goal. By using the proposed solution, it is possible to synthesize the flexible diagnostics program that is optimal according to the maximum value of diagnostic information in the form of a oriented graph or sets of tests in proper sequence of their execution. This is necessary in order to recognize the specific technical state in which the object is located. The implementation of the algorithm developed is possible in the software and algorithmic support of the automated systems for monitoring the state of complex technical objects.
References
2. Bongard M.M. Problema uznavaniya [Recognition Problem]. M.: Nauka Publ. 1967. 320 p. (In Russ.).
3. Korogodin V.I., Korogodina V.L. Informaciya kak osnova zhizni [Information as the Basis of Life]. Dubna: Feniks. 2000. 208 p. (In Russ.).
4. Stratonovich R.L. Teoriya informacii [The Theory of Information]. M.: Sov. radio. 1975. 424 p. (In Russ.).
5. Howard R.A. Information Value Theory. IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics. 1966. vol. 2. no. 1. pp. 22–26.
6. Sulganik E., Zilcha I. The Value of Information in the Presence of Futures Markets. The Journal of Futures Markets. 1996. vol. 16. no. 2. pp. 227–240.
7. Wilson E.C. A Practical Guide to Value of Information Analysis. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015. vol. 33. no. 2. pp. 105–121.
8. Bhalla D. Weight of Evidence (WOE) and Information Value Explained. Available at: https://www.listendata.com/2015/03/weight-of-evidence-woe-and-information.html (accessed: 15.08.2018).
9. Welton N.J., Thom H.H. Value of Information: We've Got Speed, What More Do We Need? Medical Decision making. An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making. 2015. vol. 35. no. 5. pp. 564–566.
10. Mohseninejad L. et al. Value of Information Analysis from a Societal Perspective: a Case Study in Prevention of Major Depression. Value in Health. 2013. vol. 16. no. 4. pp. 490–497.
11. Bartha E. et al. Value of Information: Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Goal-Directed Hemodynamic Treatment for Aged Patients. Trials. 2013. vol. 14. no. 1. pp. 205. Available at: http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/14/1/205 (accessed: 15.08.2018).
12. Malings C., Pozzi M. Value of Information for Spatially Distributed Systems: Application to Sensor Placement Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2016. vol. 154. pp. 219–233.
13. Malings C., Pozzi M. Conditional Entropy and Value of Information Metrics for Optimal Sensing in Infrastructure Systems. Structural Safety. 2016. vol. 60. pp. 77–90.
14. Malings C., Pozzi M. Value of Information in Spatio-Temporal Systems: Sensor Placement and Scheduling. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2018. vol. 172. pp. 45–57.
15. Memarzadeh M., Pozzi M. Value of Information in Sequential Decision Making: Component Inspection, Permanent Monitoring and System-Level Scheduling Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2016. vol. 154. pp. 137–151.
16. The Value of Timely Information During Disasters (Measured in Hours). Available at: https://irevolutions.org/2016/04/06/the-value-of-timely-information-during-disasters-measured-in-hours/ (accessed: 15.08.2018).
17. Eidsvik J., Mukerji T., Bhattacharjya D. Value of Information in the Earth Sciences: Integrating Spatial Modeling and Decision Analysis. Cambridge University Press. 2015. 400 p.
18. Hu Y., Janowicz K., Chen Y. Task-Oriented Information Value Measurement Based on Space-Time Prisms. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2015. vol. 30. no. 6. pp. 1228–1249.
19. Hu Y., Janowicz K., Couclelis H. Prioritizing Disaster Mapping Tasks for Online Volunteers Based on Information Value Theory. Geographical Analysis. 2017. vol. 49. no. 2. pp. 175–198.
20. Minniakhmetov D.F., Nikolaeva M.A. [A review of approaches to value of information estimation]. Vserossijskaya konferenciya «Informacionnye tekhnologii intellektual'noj podderzhki prinyatiya reshenij» [Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference on Information Technologies for Intelligent Decision Making Support (ITIDS’2016)]. 2016. pp. 115–116. (In Russ.).
21. Shankin G.P. Cennost' informatcii. Voprosy teorii i prilozheniy [The Value of Information. Theory and Applications]. M.: Filomatis. 2004. 128 p. (In Russ.).
22. Avsent’ev O.S., Avsent’ev A.O. [The Formation of the Information Value Generalized Index in the Communication Channels]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo instituta ministerstva vnutrennih del Rossii – The Bulletin of Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2015. vol. 3. pp. 55–63. (In Russ.).
23. Avsent’ev A.O. [Estimation of the Information Value]. Doklady Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta system upravleniya i radioelektroniki – Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. 2016. Issue 19. vol. 1. pp. 21–24. (In Russ.).
24. Golubev V.I. [A new approach to value of information determination]. Radioelektronnye ustroystva i sistemy dlya infokommunikatsionnyh tekhnologiy (REDS-2014): Sbornik trudov 69-y mezhdunarodnoj konferentsii [Radio-Electronic Devices and Systems for the Infocommunication Technologies: Collected papers]. 2014. Issue 4. pp. 131 136. (In Russ.).
25. Mashoshin O.F. [Evaluation of Diagnostic Information in Solving the Task of Aircraft Operation]. Nauchnyi vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta grazhdanskoy aviatsii – Civil Aviation High Technologies. 2015. vol. 219(9). pp. 53–56. (In Russ.).
26. Myshko V.V., Kravtsov A.N., Kopkin E.V., Chikurov V.A. Teoreticheskie osnovy i metody optimizatsii analiza tekhnicheskogo sostoianiia slozhnykh system. Monografija [Theoretical Bases and Methods for Optimizing the Analysis of the Technical State of Complex Systems. Monography]. SPb: VKA imeni A.F.Mozhajskogo. 2013. 303 p. (In Russ.).
27. Kopkin E.V., Kravtsov A.N., Chikurov V.A. [Diagnostic Sign Selection by their Value for Recognition of Object Technical Condition]. Trudy voenno-kosmicheskoy akademii imeni A.F.Mozhayskogo – Proceedings of the Military Space academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky. 2015. vol. 647. pp. 22–29. (In Russ.).
28. Kopkin E.V., Kobzarev I.M. [The Optimal Algorithm for Analysis of Object Technical State on the Base of Value Measure of Diagnostic Information]. Trudy voenno-kosmicheskoy akademii imeni A.F.Mozhayskogo – Proceedings of the Military Space academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky. 2018. vol. 661. pp. 15–31 (In Russ.).
Published
How to Cite
Section
Copyright (c) 2019 Евгений Вениаминович Копкин, Игорь Михайлович Кобзарев
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).